A universal testing machine (UTM), also known as a universal tester,^[1] universal tensile machine, materials testing machine, materials test frame, is used to test the tensile strength (pulling) and compressive strength (pushing), flexural strength, bending, shear, hardness, and torsion testing, providing valuable data for designing and ensuring the quality of materials. An earlier name for a tensile testing machine is a tensometer. The “universal” part of the name reflects that it can perform many standard tests application on materials, components, and structures (in other words, that it is versatile).