The kidneys are two vital organs located in the lower back, responsible for filtering blood to remove waste products and excess fluids, which are then excreted as urine. They also regulate essential functions like maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, controlling blood pressure, and producing hormones that support red blood cell production and calcium regulation. Each kidney contains about a million filtering units called nephrons, which help in the filtration process. The kidneys play a crucial role in overall homeostasis, ensuring the body’s internal environment remains stable.